{"id":3936,"date":"2026-01-31T08:22:13","date_gmt":"2026-01-31T08:22:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/?p=3936"},"modified":"2026-01-31T11:09:35","modified_gmt":"2026-01-31T11:09:35","slug":"current-affairs-31st-january-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/2026\/01\/31\/current-affairs-31st-january-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"Current Affairs 31st January 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1. Menstrual health in schools is intergral to right to life<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>GS PAPER II-POLITY -Fundamental rights<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context :<\/strong>Supreme Court ruled (January 2026) that menstrual hygiene management (MHM) in schools is a Fundamental Right under Article 21, linking it to dignity and education (Article 21A). Mandates free sanitary products and facilities nationwide;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Constitutional Rights Linkage<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>SC expands Article 21 scope to include practical menstrual access.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dignity as lived reality, not abstract concept for girls.<\/li>\n<li>Absence causes exclusion, stigma violating bodily privacy.<\/li>\n<li>Ties to Article 21A: &#8220;Menstrual poverty&#8221; blocks equal education.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Core Judicial Interpretation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ruling rejects policy-only approach to MHM.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hygiene gaps create humiliation, stereotyping of menstruating girls.<\/li>\n<li>Ensures equal footing with boys\/rich peers in schooling.<\/li>\n<li>Bodily autonomy central to life\/liberty protections.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Directives for Governments<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mandatory orders for States\/UTs across all schools.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Covers govt, aided, private institutions in rural\/urban areas.<\/li>\n<li>Functional gender-segregated toilets required universally.<\/li>\n<li>Free oxo-biodegradable sanitary napkins via vending machines.<\/li>\n<li>Machines placed inside toilets for user privacy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>2. UGC Equity Rules flow from Article 15<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>GS paper \u00a0II-polity, governance<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context :<\/strong>Supreme Court stayed UGC (Promotion of Equity in Higher Education Institutions) Regulations, 2026 on January 29, 2026, calling them vague and prone to misuse, reviving 2012 rules pending March review.<\/p>\n<p><strong>UGC Equity Rules Basics<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Issued by UGC for HEIs to foster inclusion via Article 15.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Targets systemic caste discrimination in education settings.<\/li>\n<li>Applies to all higher education institutions nationwide.<\/li>\n<li>Replaces 2012 framework with stronger enforcement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Article 15 Framework<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Constitution&#8217;s anti-discrimination pillar enables affirmative action.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>15(1): Bars State discrimination by caste, religion, sex, etc.<\/li>\n<li>15(2): Ensures equal public access without bias.<\/li>\n<li>15(4)\/(5): Permits special aid for SC\/ST, backward classes.<\/li>\n<li>Stresses substantive equality over formal sameness.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Regulations&#8217; Core Features<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Shift to institutional accountability for equity.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Defines caste-based exclusion in campuses explicitly.<\/li>\n<li>Requires anti-discrimination cells and redressal setups.<\/li>\n<li>Ensures equal access to hostels, classes, resources.<\/li>\n<li>Focuses prevention over isolated incident response.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Legal and Judicial Backdrop<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sukanya Shantha ruling anchors defence.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Upholds laws fixing historical caste inequities.<\/li>\n<li>Rejects identical treatment for unequals.<\/li>\n<li>Balances fraternity with targeted remedies.<\/li>\n<li>Court flags vagueness in terms like &#8220;segregation&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Dispute Highlights<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Petitioners vs Government clash on validity.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Claim &#8220;reverse discrimination&#8221; against general category.<\/li>\n<li>Government cites Article 15 for structural fixes.<\/li>\n<li>SC stays implementation citing misuse risks.<\/li>\n<li>Hearing set for March 19 on core constitutional questions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">3. Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>GS Paper \u00a0II\/III -governance, welfare<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context :<\/strong>A 2024 government survey under Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) shows 98% rural tap coverage but only 75% get reliable, safe water\u2014highlighting functionality gaps amid 2026 progress reports<\/p>\n<p><strong>JJM Programme Essentials<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>JJM, launched 2019, targets rural tap water for all via shared Centre-State funding.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Aims for 55 litres potable water\/person\/day with sustained sources.<\/li>\n<li>Shifts focus to service delivery over mere infrastructure builds.<\/li>\n<li>Stresses community role, quality checks, and regular supply.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Rural Coverage Progress<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tap connections neared universality from &lt;20% in 2019.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Goa, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, UTs exceed 97% household taps.<\/li>\n<li>Over 2.7 lakh villages certified &#8220;Har Ghar Jal&#8221; by early 2026.<\/li>\n<li>Certification tracks infrastructure, not always actual delivery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Functionality Shortfalls<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Survey exposes gaps beyond tap installation.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>83% households got water once in last 7 days; 80% met quantity.<\/li>\n<li>Only 76% passed E.coli, coliform, pH safety tests.<\/li>\n<li>Combined metrics: Just 75% benefit fully as envisioned.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>State-wise Performance Gaps<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Outcomes vary sharply by region and resources.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bihar: Water in 61% homes; Sikkim lags per capita norms.<\/li>\n<li>Coastal States lead; UP, Nagaland trail on availability.<\/li>\n<li>Disparities tie to groundwater, terrain, local capacity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Funding and Execution Hurdles<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rs. 3.6 lakh crore spent since 2019; more needed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Budget underuse noted; 2024 target now pushed to 2028.<\/li>\n<li>Last-mile ops, maintenance, source issues demand Rs. 4 lakh crore extra.<\/li>\n<li>Resource-heavy amid sustainability challenges.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Monitoring Mechanisms<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Multi-layer oversight tracks real outcomes.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>2024 survey hit 2.3 lakh Har Ghar Jal homes for insights.<\/li>\n<li>Village committees, third-party checks, live dashboards active.<\/li>\n<li>Method tweaks limit direct past comparisons.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Steps for Lasting Success<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pivot to maintenance over expansion for welfare impact.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Boost Panchayat committees, source recharge, quality surveillance.<\/li>\n<li>Integrate with sanitation, groundwater, climate-resilient plans.<\/li>\n<li>Link to health schemes for true rural water security.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">4. Stem cell therapy<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>GS II -governance, health rights<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context :<\/strong>Supreme Court ruled against offering stem cell therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as routine clinical service outside approved trials (January 2026), citing no scientific proof of safety\/efficacy and invalid consent. Directs government to form stem cell regulatory body;<\/p>\n<p><strong>About Stem Cell Therapy <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Regenerative treatment repairs damaged cells via immune modulation.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduces inflammation; aids autoimmune, neurological conditions.<\/li>\n<li>Promising for various disorders but needs rigorous validation.<\/li>\n<li>Experimental stage for many uses, risks unproven benefits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Neurodevelopmental condition alters brain function from early childhood.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Affects social interaction, communication, repetitive behaviors.<\/li>\n<li>Onset before age 3; lifelong but symptoms may ease.<\/li>\n<li>Varies in severity\u2014learning, attention, motor differences common.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Supreme Court Ruling Highlights<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>SC bans commercial ASD stem cell therapy absent trial data.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Restricts to monitored research only due to efficacy gaps.<\/li>\n<li>Informed consent invalid without full risk-benefit disclosure.<\/li>\n<li>Patient autonomy limited by ethics, scientific standards.<\/li>\n<li>Fails &#8220;reasonable care&#8221; duty doctors owe patients.<\/li>\n<li>Caregivers can&#8217;t demand unproven treatments as rights.<\/li>\n<li>Slams govt inaction on rogue clinics peddling false cures.<\/li>\n<li>Mandates dedicated national stem cell oversight body.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">5. Rising digital addiction ,mental health problems<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>GS Paper III -Economy, health<\/p>\n<p><strong>CONTEXT :<\/strong>The Economic Survey 2025-26, tabled by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on Jan2026, highlights rising digital addiction as a major public health crisis and threat to India&#8217;s economic productivity.<\/p>\n<p>This flags risks to the demographic dividend amid near-universal internet access (970 million connections by 2024) and massive smartphone usage (1 lakh crore hours in 2024 alone).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Understanding Digital Addiction<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Digital addiction involves ongoing, uncontrollable overuse of devices and online platforms, causing emotional harm and daily life disruptions. It shows up as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mental effects like stress, sadness, poor confidence from online comparisons and harassment.<\/li>\n<li>Body issues such as poor sleep, less exercise, and neck strain.<\/li>\n<li>Brain impacts including shorter focus and fading real-world friendships.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Major Patterns from Economic Survey 2025-26<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Widespread reach: Internet users soared from 250 million (2014) to 970 million (2024); 15-29 group now fully connected.<\/li>\n<li>Time explosion: Indians logged 1 lakh crore smartphone hours in 2024.<\/li>\n<li>Learning mismatch: ASER 2024 notes just 57% of 14-16-year-olds use phones for studies vs. 76% for social apps.<\/li>\n<li>Prime targets: 15-24 age group at highest risk for social media and gaming hooks.<\/li>\n<li>Growth irony: Digital sector drives 74% of national income, yet fuels health risks.<\/li>\n<li>Health pivot: While maternal deaths fell 86% since 1990, screen-driven mental issues rise as top concern.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Main Drivers<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reward loops: Apps from Meta and Google use endless feeds and auto-play to exploit teen brain chemistry.<\/li>\n<li>Lockdown habits: COVID pushed all learning and socializing online, embedding heavy screen reliance.<\/li>\n<li>Low-cost connectivity: Cheap data plus 5G boom spikes video and gaming use.<\/li>\n<li>Money lures: Real-cash games triggered the 2025 Online Gaming Regulation Act to prevent debt traps.<\/li>\n<li>City solitude: Urban dwellers, especially in slums, turn to screens without community ties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Core Hurdles for India<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Data void: No full stats on scale; awaits updated National Mental Health Survey.<\/li>\n<li>Kid workarounds: Youth dodge controls via VPNs or fakes, seeing limits as unfair.<\/li>\n<li>Company pushback: Firms like Meta resist curbs that hit their huge Indian audience.<\/li>\n<li>Seen as normal: Parents hand screens to kids as young as 2, harming early growth.<\/li>\n<li>Care shortages: Few centers like NIMHANS&#8217; SHUT Clinic exist, ignoring rural needs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Steps Forward<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Provider controls: ISPs offer family plans with education unlimited, fun capped.<\/li>\n<li>Age gates: Enforce under-16 bans (like Australia) and ID checks for social\/gambling sites.<\/li>\n<li>School lessons: Add required classes on screen smarts, online safety, and mind health.<\/li>\n<li>Real-world spots: Build youth centers and enforce playtime in schools.<\/li>\n<li>Helpline boost: Grow Tele-MANAS for proactive screen habit guidance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>India needs to shift from digital push to wellness focus, blending rules, community checks, and mental health funds to safeguard future workers.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>6. Western Disturbances<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>GS Paper I -geography\/climatolog<\/p>\n<p>GS paper &#8211; III (agriculture\/disaster management)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context : <\/strong>The India Meteorological Department (IMD) issued alerts on January 31, 2026, for back-to-back Western Disturbances (WDs) impacting Northwest and Central India until February 3.<\/p>\n<p>These storms promise snowfall in the Himalayas and rain in plains like Punjab, Haryana, Delhi-NCR, and UP, aiding Rabi crops but risking hail damage and cold waves.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Defining Western Disturbances<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-3937 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Screenshot-2026-01-31-135104-300x188.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"385\" height=\"241\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Screenshot-2026-01-31-135104-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Screenshot-2026-01-31-135104.png 601w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 385px) 100vw, 385px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Western Disturbances are extratropical low-pressure systems bringing non-monsoonal winter rain to northwest India.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>They form as storms over the Mediterranean Sea, drawing moisture from Caspian and Black Seas.<\/li>\n<li>Cold polar air from Europe clashes with warmer Mediterranean air, creating depressions steered eastward by the Subtropical Westerly Jet Stream.<\/li>\n<li>These systems traverse the Middle East, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan before entering India.<\/li>\n<li>Upon reaching the Himalayas, rising moist air triggers condensation, snowfall, and rain.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>How They Form<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>WDs arise from atmospheric interactions far from the tropics.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>High-pressure zones near Ukraine drive cold air southward into the moist Mediterranean.<\/li>\n<li>This contrast develops extratropical depressions\u2014non-tropical storms fueled by baroclinic instability.<\/li>\n<li>Jet stream winds at 10-12 km altitude propel them toward India, peaking in winter (December-March).<\/li>\n<li>Himalayan orography forces orographic lift, enhancing precipitation on windward slopes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Effects on India<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>WDs shape India&#8217;s winter weather, agriculture, and water cycles with dual-edged impacts.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Precipitation Patterns:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Heavy snow in J&amp;K, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand; moderate rain in Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, western UP.<\/li>\n<li>Vital for non-monsoon rainfall, comprising 30-40% of northwest India&#8217;s winter precipitation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Agricultural Influence:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Benefit: Essential moisture for Rabi crops like wheat, mustard, chickpeas\u2014acts as natural irrigation in dry winters.<\/li>\n<li>Risk: Strong WDs spawn hailstorms, thunderstorms, lodging crops; IMD advises field drainage to avert root rot.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Temperature Shifts:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pre-arrival: Cloud cover raises nighttime temperatures via greenhouse trapping.<\/li>\n<li>Post-passage: Clear skies allow cold, dry Himalayan winds to plunge daytime temperatures, fostering fog and cold waves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hydrological Role:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Snow accumulation replenishes glaciers feeding Ganga, Yamuna, Indus rivers.<\/li>\n<li>Ensures summer water flows, bolstering irrigation and drinking supply amid erratic monsoons.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Current alerts underscore IMD&#8217;s role in forecasting these for farmer advisories and urban preparedness.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">7. Green steel can shape Indias climate goals trajectory<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>GS III -Economy, Environment<\/p>\n<p><strong>CONTEXT :<\/strong>India&#8217;s push for green steel aligns with its updated NDC commitments ahead of COP31, amid steel production tripling needs to 400 MT by 2050 and 12% emission share.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Steel&#8217;s Role in Growth vs Emissions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Steel drives infra and industry but poses climate risks.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Production must triple to 400 MT by mid-century for development goals.<\/li>\n<li>Coal blast furnaces cause 12% of India&#8217;s CO2 emissions currently.<\/li>\n<li>Lock-in risk: Long-life assets embed high emissions for decades.<\/li>\n<li>Dual challenge: Sustain growth while hitting net-zero targets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Worldwide Trends Pressuring India<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Global majors decarbonise, threatening non-green exporters.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>China scales scrap steel and green hydrogen to cut coal use.<\/li>\n<li>EU&#8217;s CBAM taxes carbon-heavy imports from 2026 onwards.<\/li>\n<li>Market access hinges on low-carbon credentials for premiums.<\/li>\n<li>Laggards face tariffs, lost competitiveness, reputational hits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Industry Steps and Shortfalls<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Producers pilot tech but scale lags urgently.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trials in hydrogen injection, renewables, carbon capture underway.<\/li>\n<li>Modernisation and scrap use improve efficiency gradually.<\/li>\n<li>Pilots insufficient; need demo plants and zero-emission rollout.<\/li>\n<li>SMEs must adopt best tech for equitable shift.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Policy Gains Yet Incentive Gaps<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Frameworks exist but lack decisive push.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Greening Steel Roadmap charts transition path forward.<\/li>\n<li>Green Steel Taxonomy sets India as low-carbon pioneer.<\/li>\n<li>Green Hydrogen Mission, renewables aid intensity targets.<\/li>\n<li>Barriers: High H2 costs, scrap shortages, skill gaps persist.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Path Ahead for Market Transition<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bold signals needed for investment confidence.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Set phased emission targets for short\/medium\/long term.<\/li>\n<li>Roll out carbon pricing at $90-100\/tonne CO2 viability level.<\/li>\n<li>Mandate taxonomy, public procurement, certification systems.<\/li>\n<li>Fund shared infra hubs; fiscal aid for SMEs&#8217; high capex.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">8. The 27<sup>th<\/sup> amendment, Pakistan democratic dilemma<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>GS II -International relations, governance<\/p>\n<p><strong>CONTEXT :<\/strong>Pakistan&#8217;s 27th Constitutional Amendment, passed recently, shifts constitutional powers from the Supreme Court to a new Federal Constitutional Court, sparking fears of judicial erosion amid political instability.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pakistan&#8217;s 27th Amendment Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The amendment restructures judicial authority under military and executive pretexts.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Transfers Supreme Court&#8217;s original jurisdiction on rights, disputes to new FCC.<\/li>\n<li>Weakens apex court&#8217;s role in landmark political cases like Panama Papers.<\/li>\n<li>Risks executive dominance over constitutional interpretation long-term.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Supreme Court&#8217;s Reduced Authority<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Historic guardian role faces deliberate sidelining.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lost power to adjudicate federal-provincial, fundamental rights cases.<\/li>\n<li>Fragmented adjudication undermines coherent constitutional rulings.<\/li>\n<li>Exposed to executive influence in fragile political system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Threats to Judicial Autonomy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rule of law hinges on independent courts per Dicey&#8217;s doctrine.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>FCC composition allows political sway, diluting 18th Amendment safeguards.<\/li>\n<li>Specialised courts viable only with proven neutrality from power.<\/li>\n<li>Turns judicial review into potential executive tool.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Lessons from Constitutional History<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Executive-judiciary clashes echo global precedents.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>17th-century England: Coke rejected King James I&#8217;s personal adjudication claim.<\/li>\n<li>Established law over monarch, insulating courts from rulers&#8217; whims.<\/li>\n<li>PCA revives vulnerability, prioritising control over restraint.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>South Asian and Global Parallels<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Developments warn neighbours like India.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fragile Global South democracies tempt control via &#8220;stability&#8221; amendments.<\/li>\n<li>Inter-war Europe: Legal changes hollowed institutions incrementally.<\/li>\n<li>Pakistan&#8217;s shift preserves form but erodes substantive checks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Regional Stakes for India<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Neighbourhood instability impacts constitutional health.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Instructive for India&#8217;s robust democracy amid shared pressures.<\/li>\n<li>Normalises executive overreach, risking democratic backsliding.<\/li>\n<li>Stresses vigilance on judicial boundaries, institutional respect.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pakistan&#8217;s amendment signals philosophical shift from constitutional shield to governance tool, urging India to fortify judicial independence for regional democratic resilience.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Menstrual health in schools is intergral to right to life GS PAPER II-POLITY -Fundamental rights Context :Supreme<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3941,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3936","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-daily-current-affairs"],"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a_Menstrual_health_in_.png",2048,2048,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a_Menstrual_health_in_-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a_Menstrual_health_in_-300x300.png",300,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a_Menstrual_health_in_-768x768.png",640,640,true],"large":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a_Menstrual_health_in_-1024x1024.png",640,640,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a_Menstrual_health_in_-1536x1536.png",1536,1536,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a_Menstrual_health_in_.png",2048,2048,false],"morenews-large":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a_Menstrual_health_in_-825x575.png",825,575,true],"morenews-medium":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a_Menstrual_health_in_-590x410.png",590,410,true]},"author_info":{"display_name":"Nithin DTPoperator","author_link":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/author\/nithindtp\/"},"category_info":"<a href=\"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/category\/daily-current-affairs\/\" rel=\"category tag\">DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS<\/a>","tag_info":"DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3936","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3936"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3936\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3940,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3936\/revisions\/3940"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3941"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3936"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3936"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3936"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}