{"id":3770,"date":"2026-01-02T08:59:31","date_gmt":"2026-01-02T08:59:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/?p=3770"},"modified":"2026-01-06T13:25:04","modified_gmt":"2026-01-06T13:25:04","slug":"current-affairs-02nd-january-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/2026\/01\/02\/current-affairs-02nd-january-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"Current Affairs 02nd January 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1. Ancient marathi literature reveals savannas are not degraded forest<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>GS paper I-Geography<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context :<\/strong>Study using medieval Marathi literature shows western Maharashtra savannas are ancient, not degraded forests.\u200b<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Published in British Ecological Society journal People and Nature, covering ~750 years of texts.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Core idea of the study<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Open tree\u2013grass savannas are long\u2011standing natural ecosystems, not deforested remnants.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Literary ecology can reconstruct past landscapes where scientific data are sparse.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Why this study is important<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Challenges policies that treat savannas as \u201cwastelands\u201d suitable for mass tree planting.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Recognises savannas as distinct biomes vital for biodiversity and pastoral livelihoods.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Conservation policy misunderstandings<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Afforestation and carbon projects often aim to convert savannas into dense forests.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Such programs risk destroying fire\u2011adapted grasses, shrubs and associated fauna.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Correcting historical ecology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Texts show open, thorny, grassy landscapes existed centuries before colonial timber extraction.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>This proves savannas are ancient \u201cbaseline\u201d states, not products of recent degradation.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Sources used in the study<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>28 geo\u2011referenced excerpts from Marathi biographies, myths, narrative poems and ovi.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Triangulated with paintings, photographs, colonial records, hunting logs and faunal remains.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>How evidence was built<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Species mentioned in texts matched with modern flora lists to classify savanna indicators.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Multiple independent lines of evidence produced a coherent ecological history.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Decoding historical terminology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In Marathi\u2013Sanskrit, vana = wild forest tract, j\u0101gala = scrubby jungle.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Authors show these words often referred to grasslands, scrubs and savannas, not rainforests.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cultural descriptions supporting savanna ecology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Texts describe cowherds using thorny, open plains with seasonal streams for grazing.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Local idioms about \u201cscrub jungles\u201d and \u201cterrifying forests\u201d match savanna scrublands.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Types of savanna in Maharashtra (ecology)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fine\u2011leaf savannas in drier zones up to ~1,000 mm rainfall, dominated by thorny trees.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Broad\u2011leaf savannas in wetter zones above ~700 mm rainfall, with taller grasses and trees.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Adaptations of savanna species<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Species show thick bark, spines, clonal growth and resprouting after fire or browsing.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Traits indicate long co\u2011evolution with frequent fire, grazing and seasonal drought.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>2. India, Pak exchange list of prisoners and nuclear installations<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<pre>GS PAPER II-IR<\/pre>\n<p><strong>Context: India<\/strong> and Pakistan exchanged lists of nuclear installations under a standing bilateral pact.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>They also swapped updated lists of civilian prisoners and fishermen in each other\u2019s custody.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Legal basis \u2013 nuclear list exchange<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Done under the \u201cAgreement on the Prohibition of Attack against Nuclear Installations and Facilities,\u201d signed 31 December 1988.<\/li>\n<li>The pact requires both sides to annually exchange lists of nuclear facilities on 1 January each year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Why are nuclear lists exchanged?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>To identify all nuclear installations that must not be attacked in war or crisis.<\/li>\n<li>To build minimum transparency and reduce chances of miscalculation between two nuclear\u2011armed neighbours.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Significance of nuclear list exchange<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reinforces mutual commitment to avoid strikes on each other\u2019s nuclear infrastructure.<\/li>\n<li>Acts as a confidence\u2011building measure even when political relations are tense or hostile.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Exchange of prisoners\u2019 lists \u2013 what it means<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Each side shares a list of all civilian prisoners and fishermen from the other country lodged in its jails.<\/li>\n<li>It helps verify nationality, speed up consular access, and facilitate release or repatriation where possible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Context \u2013 why noteworthy now<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Occurs amid strained India\u2013Pakistan ties with almost frozen dialogue and recent border tensions.<\/li>\n<li>Shows that legacy confidence\u2011building mechanisms and humanitarian processes continue despite overall deep freeze in relations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Border implications for India and Pakistan<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Regular nuclear\u2011site list exchange reduces chances of pre\u2011emptive or accidental strikes on strategic facilities.<\/li>\n<li>Humanitarian prisoner exchanges can ease local tensions among coastal fishing communities.<\/li>\n<li>Continuation of such CBMs keeps communication channels open, which can help manage future border crises.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>3. Centre&#8217;s tobacco tax rejig to take effect from Feb. 1<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>GS paper III-ECONOMY <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Context :<\/strong>The Union government has announced a major overhaul of tobacco taxation from February 1, sharply raising levies on cigarettes and other tobacco products.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The change shifts the system away from the GST compensation cess towards higher excise duty and GST rates on tobacco.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Key changes in taxation<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>GST compensation cess on tobacco products will end, making excise duty a significant revenue component again.<\/li>\n<li>New, higher excise duties on cigarettes and other tobacco products are notified under the Central Excise (Amendment) Act, 2025.<\/li>\n<li>A fresh cess on pan masala units will come into force under the Health Security and National Security Act, 2025.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>GST compensation cess background<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The cess was created under the GST (Compensation to States) Act, 2017 to protect states\u2019 indirect tax revenue after GST rollout.<\/li>\n<li>It helped compensate exporting or producing states that lost revenue when GST shifted tax accrual to consuming states.<\/li>\n<li>Collections dipped sharply during the COVID\u201119 years, forcing the Centre to borrow to meet compensation promises.<\/li>\n<li>The cess on tobacco will end once the Centre finishes servicing interest on these compensation\u2011related borrowings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Expected impact \u2013 public health<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Higher prices are expected to discourage initiation and reduce overall tobacco consumption.<\/li>\n<li>Lower use should, over time, reduce cases of cancers, cardiovascular disease and chronic respiratory illnesses.<\/li>\n<li>Reduced disease burden can generate long\u2011term savings for the public health system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Economic and industry effects<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cigarette prices are likely to rise by roughly 15\u201340%, varying across length and brand segments.<\/li>\n<li>The industry may see short\u2011term demand softness and lobby against the hikes, but tax revenue should remain robust.<\/li>\n<li>Weak enforcement could encourage illicit trade and counterfeit products, eroding both health gains and revenue.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Equity and livelihood concerns<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Beedis remain more lightly taxed despite causing serious health harms, raising questions of tax fairness.<\/li>\n<li>Tighter policies may hurt employment in the largely informal beedi\u2011rolling sector without adequate livelihood support.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Challenges and risks<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Higher differentials between legal and illegal products increase incentives for smuggling and tax evasion.<\/li>\n<li>Consumers may shift from taxed cigarettes to less\u2011taxed beedis or other forms, muting health benefits.<\/li>\n<li>Effective implementation needs close coordination across the Union government, states and tax\u2011enforcement agencies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Way forward<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Move gradually towards a simplified, uniform tobacco tax structure explicitly aligned with health objectives.<\/li>\n<li>Strengthen surveillance, tracing and penalties to curb illicit tobacco manufacture and smuggling.<\/li>\n<li>Earmark part of additional tobacco\u2011tax revenue for public health, cessation services and awareness campaigns.<\/li>\n<li>Support skill training and alternative livelihoods for workers dependent on beedi and related industries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">4. India\u2019s first Sunrise Festival 2026 with \u201cAlo Prabhat<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>GS PAPER I -Art &amp;culture<\/p>\n<p><strong>CONTEXT : <\/strong>Dong hosted India\u2019s first Sunrise Festival 2026 with \u201cAlo Prabhat: Dance of the Dawn\u201d.\u200b<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Event marks first sunrise of New Year in India\u2019s easternmost inhabited village.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Why Dong sees first sunrise<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Easternmost inhabited village of India in Anjaw district, Arunachal Pradesh.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Located far to the east, so Earth\u2019s rotation brings dawn here before rest of India.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Higher valley setting with clear eastern horizon lets sun appear early.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Alo Prabhat \u2013 what is it<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Curated cultural performance named \u201cAlo Prabhat: Dance of the Dawn\u201d.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Uses indigenous chants, songs, and rhythmic dance sequences.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Who performs it<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Performed mainly by local Meyor and Mishmi community artists.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Supported by invited theatre, music and film professionals collaborating on choreography.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What it represents<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Symbolises hope, renewal and collective welcome to the New Year\u2019s first light.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Expresses gratitude to nature, mountains and the rising sun for life and prosperity.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Projects unity of diverse tribes under the first rays of the national dawn.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Sunrise Festival \u2013 purpose<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Promote Dong as India\u2019s first\u2011sunrise destination and unique tourist landmark.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Generate livelihood for border villagers through homestays, crafts and food stalls.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Create awareness of Meyor\u2013Mishmi culture and eco\u2011sensitive travel.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Sunrise Festival \u2013 importance<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Boosts infrastructure, connectivity and services in remote frontier region.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Enhances soft\u2011power image of Arunachal Pradesh as \u201cLand of the Rising Sun\u201d.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Provides platform for youth to showcase arts, sports and entrepreneurship.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Strategic and national importance<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dong lies near India\u2013China\u2013Myanmar trijunction and close to Line of Actual Control.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Civilian presence and tourism help assert sovereignty in sensitive border belt.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Better roads and communication here aid defence logistics and disaster response.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Constitutional perspective<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Protects tribal culture in spirit of Article 29 on cultural rights of minorities.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Advances Directive Principles on promoting educational and economic interests of tribes.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Reflects fundamental duty to value and preserve rich heritage of India (Article 51A(f)).\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cultural perspective<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Celebrates Meyor and Mishmi rituals of greeting dawn with songs and offerings.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Integrates traditional attire, instruments and narratives into a modern festival stage.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Reinforces idea of India\u2019s cultural unity beginning from its eastern\u00a0<strong>frontier<\/strong>\u00a0village.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">5. Export of technical textiles witness 1.2% dip in April-0ct<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>GS paper III-Economy<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context :<\/strong>Indian technical textiles exports dipped <strong>1.2%<\/strong> in April-October 2025, reaching <strong>$1.95 billion<\/strong> from <strong>$1.97 billion<\/strong> in the prior period.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>October 2025 exports fell sharply to <strong>$249.7 million<\/strong> from <strong>$305.5 million<\/strong> in October 2024.<\/li>\n<li>Decline attributed mainly to <strong>high US tariffs<\/strong> (up to 50%), impacting competitiveness.<\/li>\n<li>News highlights <strong>market concentration<\/strong> in the US and risks if tariffs persist.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What Are Technical Textiles<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Engineered textile materials prioritized for <strong>technical performance and functionality<\/strong> over aesthetics.<\/li>\n<li>Used in industries like agriculture, construction, healthcare, automotive, and protection.<\/li>\n<li>Examples include geotextiles, medical disposables (gauze, wipes), packaging (FIBC bags), protective gear, and sportswear fabrics.<\/li>\n<li>Classified into 12 segments: Agrotech, Buildtech, Medtech, Packtech, Mobiltech, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Distinct from traditional textiles focused on clothing or decoration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Composition of India&#8217;s Technical Textile Exports<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Packtech dominates with items like <strong>FIBC bags, slings, ropes, gauze, wipes<\/strong> (~60% share in April-Oct 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Technical fabrics follow at ~<strong>27.7%<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Other segments include Medtech (medical textiles), Geotech, and Indutech.<\/li>\n<li>Overall market: Packtech leads domestically (~41-50%), followed by Mobiltech, Indutech, and Sportech.<\/li>\n<li>Exports emphasize packaging and industrial applications due to demand in key markets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Market Concentration and Trade Dependence<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>US<\/strong> is the largest market (~<strong>25.9%<\/strong> share), followed by <strong>Germany<\/strong> (~6%) and <strong>UK<\/strong> (~5%).<\/li>\n<li>High dependence on US exposes exports to tariff risks and policy changes.<\/li>\n<li>Exports to US dropped <strong>15%<\/strong> in April-Oct 2025 vs. prior year.<\/li>\n<li>Limited diversification; rivals like Vietnam\/Bangladesh face similar demand issues, hindering rerouting.<\/li>\n<li>Emerging growth in Canada, Saudi Arabia, Japan, but slow to offset US reliance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Why Exports Are Declining<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Primary cause: <strong>US tariffs up to 50%<\/strong> imposed in 2025, making Indian goods less competitive.<\/li>\n<li>Reduced US orders, cancellations, and forced discounts to retain buyers.<\/li>\n<li>Broader textile sector saw sharper drops (e.g., 12.9% in Oct 2025 overall).<\/li>\n<li>Dull global demand affects rerouting to alternatives like Vietnam\/Bangladesh.<\/li>\n<li>Custom production limits easy diversion to new markets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Future Outlook &amp; Concerns<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Outlook<\/strong>: Domestic market projected to reach <strong>$45 billion by 2026<\/strong> (from $29 billion in FY24), driven by NTTM and infrastructure.<\/li>\n<li>Exports may face <strong>9-10% decline in 2026<\/strong> if tariffs unresolved; broader textiles limited to 5-10% drop.<\/li>\n<li>Potential recovery via diversification, EU\/UK FTAs, and China+1 strategy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Concerns<\/strong>: Persistent US tariffs could badly affect volumes and jobs.<\/li>\n<li>High import dependence on specialty fibers\/machinery; low awareness and testing infrastructure.<\/li>\n<li>Protectionism and climate barriers globally challenge 2026 growth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">6. Why does India need climate resilient agriculture<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>GS\u2011III: Agriculture, climate change, environmental conservation and biotech applications in farming.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context :<\/strong>Climate\u2011Resilient Agriculture (CRA) highlighted in recent policy debates and expert articles in early 2026.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Linked to BioE3 policy, NICRA and India\u2019s climate commitments for sustainable food security.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>What is Climate\u2011Resilient Agriculture<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Farming approach using biotech, bio\u2011inputs and digital tools to handle climate stress.<\/li>\n<li>Aims to keep or raise yields while cutting dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Why India needs CRA<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Large share of India\u2019s farms is rainfed and exposed to droughts, floods and erratic monsoons.<\/li>\n<li>Climate change threatens major crop yields, food inflation and rural livelihoods.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Key tools and practices<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Biofertilizers, biopesticides and microbial inoculants to improve soil and reduce chemicals.<\/li>\n<li>Climate\u2011tolerant and genome\u2011edited crops for heat, drought, salinity and pest resistance.<\/li>\n<li>AI\u2011based advisories and precision farming for location\u2011specific decisions on inputs and timing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Existing initiatives<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>NICRA develops climate\u2011resilient varieties and practices like stress\u2011tolerant rice and zero\u2011till wheat.<\/li>\n<li>National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture focuses on rainfed areas, soil, water and resource efficiency.<\/li>\n<li>BioE3 policy promotes green biotechnology as a pillar of economy, environment and employment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Challenges<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Low awareness, access and affordability for small and marginal farmers.<\/li>\n<li>Quality issues and supply gaps in biofertilizers and biopesticides create mistrust.<\/li>\n<li>Digital divide and slow spread of resilient seeds limit large\u2011scale adoption.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Way forward<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Speed up breeding, testing and release of climate\u2011resilient and genome\u2011edited crops.<\/li>\n<li>Strengthen regulation and logistics for reliable bio\u2011input supply chains.<\/li>\n<li>Expand digital advisory platforms, climate services and AI tools to village level.<\/li>\n<li>Offer credit, insurance and incentives to de\u2011risk farmers shifting to CRA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">7. Bomb Cyclone<\/span> <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Context : Winter Storm Ezra<\/strong>\u00a0exploded into a bomb cyclone over the US, hitting during peak holiday travel. It caused massive flight cancellations, blizzards, power outages, and hurricane-force winds across multiple states (NDTV, Jan 2026).<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-3771 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Screenshot-2026-01-02-142817-300x196.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"343\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Screenshot-2026-01-02-142817-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Screenshot-2026-01-02-142817.png 601w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 343px) 100vw, 343px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>What Defines a Bomb Cyclone<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Winter Storm Ezra rapidly intensified via\u00a0<strong>explosive cyclogenesis<\/strong>\u00a0in mid-latitude regions. Central pressure drops \u226524 mb in 24 hours, fueling severe weather over vast areas.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Formation Mechanism<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cold, dense polar air clashes with warm, moist maritime air, often over oceans. Latent heat from rising warm air drives sharp pressure falls, pulling in high-speed winds.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Characteristics<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Rapid intensification<\/strong>: \u226524 mb pressure drop in 24 hrs signals instability.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hazard mix<\/strong>: Blizzards, freezing rain, flooding, hurricane winds create whiteouts.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temp plunge<\/strong>: 40-50\u00b0F drops in hours strain health, transport, grids.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Wide reach<\/strong>: Spans 100s of kms, disrupting flights, roads, power nationwide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>A tropical cyclone with sustained winds \u226574 mph; it mainly caused coastal flooding along the Gulf Coast during holiday travel.<\/li>\n<li>An extratropical cyclone that rapidly intensifies, with central pressure dropping at least 24 millibars in 24 hours; Winter Storm Ezra triggered widespread flight cancellations, blizzards, power outages, and hurricane\u2011force winds across the Midwest, Great Lakes, and Northeast during peak holiday travel.<\/li>\n<li>Any mid\u2011latitude storm with snowfall over 12 inches; Ezra chiefly hit the Southern U.S. with ice storms and little wind.<\/li>\n<li>A fast\u2011strengthening storm driven only by changes in solar radiation; it caused temperatures to rise 40\u201350\u00b0F instead of fall, affecting only farm areas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Ancient marathi literature reveals savannas are not degraded forest GS paper I-Geography Context :Study using medieval Marathi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3805,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-daily-current-affairs"],"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a_Ancient_marathi_lite.jpeg",1328,1328,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a_Ancient_marathi_lite-150x150.jpeg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a_Ancient_marathi_lite-300x300.jpeg",300,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a_Ancient_marathi_lite-768x768.jpeg",640,640,true],"large":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a_Ancient_marathi_lite-1024x1024.jpeg",640,640,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a_Ancient_marathi_lite.jpeg",1328,1328,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a_Ancient_marathi_lite.jpeg",1328,1328,false],"morenews-large":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a_Ancient_marathi_lite-825x575.jpeg",825,575,true],"morenews-medium":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/a_Ancient_marathi_lite-590x410.jpeg",590,410,true]},"author_info":{"display_name":"Nithin DTPoperator","author_link":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/author\/nithindtp\/"},"category_info":"<a href=\"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/category\/daily-current-affairs\/\" rel=\"category tag\">DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS<\/a>","tag_info":"DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3770"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3770\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3772,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3770\/revisions\/3772"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3805"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3770"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}