{"id":3108,"date":"2025-11-15T06:51:27","date_gmt":"2025-11-15T06:51:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/?p=3108"},"modified":"2025-11-17T11:51:01","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T11:51:01","slug":"current-affairs-15th-november-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/2025\/11\/15\/current-affairs-15th-november-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Current Affairs 15th November 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong><u>1. Data privacy law comes into effect, two years after parliament approval<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>General Studies Paper I: Polity and Governance<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context: <\/strong>DPDP Act, 2023 fully operationalized on Nov 14, 2025, via final rules notification.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>India\u2019s first comprehensive data privacy law, aligning with global standards.<\/li>\n<li>Addresses rising privacy concerns, data breaches, and misinformation.<\/li>\n<li>Implements 2017 Puttaswamy judgment affirming privacy as a fundamental right.<\/li>\n<li>Balances citizen rights, governance needs, and startup compliance challenges.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Timeline of Development<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Aug 2017:<\/strong>\u00a0SC in\u00a0<em>Puttaswamy<\/em>\u00a0declares privacy a fundamental right.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jul 2018:<\/strong>\u00a0B.N. Srikrishna Committee submits draft Personal Data Bill.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dec 2022:<\/strong>\u00a0MeitY releases revised draft sans data localization.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aug 2023:<\/strong>\u00a0DPDP Act passed by Parliament and gains assent.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jan 2025:<\/strong>\u00a0Draft Rules issued for public feedback.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Feb 2025:<\/strong>\u00a0Partial notification enabling Data Protection Board setup.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nov 14, 2025:<\/strong>\u00a0Full activation with DPBI formation and rule rollout.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Core Features of DPDP Act<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Scope:<\/strong>\u00a0Applies to digital personal data of Indian users and foreign entities targeting India.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Definitions:<\/strong>\u00a0Personal data\u2014identifiable info; Data Principal vs. Data Fiduciary.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rights:<\/strong>\u00a0Consent, correction, erasure, and grievance redressal.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obligations:<\/strong>\u00a0Data security, breach reporting, and purpose limitation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Enforcement:<\/strong>\u00a0DPBI empowered to impose penalties up to \u20b9250 crore.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Children\u2019s Data:<\/strong>\u00a0Parental consent required; no targeted ads or tracking.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Exemptions:<\/strong>\u00a0For state, courts, and emergencies ensuring national security.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>State Exemptions<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sovereignty\/Security:<\/strong>\u00a0Data processing exempt for national interests.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Government Schemes:<\/strong>\u00a0Exemption for welfare and subsidy programs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Regulatory\/Judicial Functions:<\/strong>\u00a0Exempt during official duties.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Emergencies:<\/strong>\u00a0No consent needed in disasters or public health crises.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Criticism:<\/strong>\u00a0No independent audit; risks government overreach.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Compliance Timeline<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nov 2025:<\/strong>\u00a0DPBI setup; consent, notice rules active.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nov 2026:<\/strong>\u00a0Consent Managers to register.<\/li>\n<li><strong>May 2027:<\/strong>\u00a0Breach, SDF, and cross-border rules operative.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Startups\/MSMEs:<\/strong>\u00a0Relaxed deadlines and reduced penalties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Impact on RTI Act<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Amendment:<\/strong>\u00a0Section 8(1)(j) made absolute; no public interest override.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Effect:<\/strong>\u00a0Curbs disclosure of officials\u2019 data even in corruption cases.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Concerns:<\/strong>\u00a0Weakens transparency, impacts journalists and activists.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Govt View:<\/strong>\u00a0Aligns privacy with legal obligations, not secrecy measure.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Critics:<\/strong>\u00a0Fear erosion of accountability and Article 19(1)(a) rights.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Need for DPDP Act<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Constitutional Gap:<\/strong>\u00a0Enforces right to privacy post-<em>Puttaswamy<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Digital Expansion:<\/strong>\u00a01.2B+ users need protection from data misuse.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Security &amp; Trust:<\/strong>\u00a0Addresses leaks like CoWIN; boosts user confidence.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Economic Growth:<\/strong>\u00a0Aligns with GDPR; attracts global digital investments.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reforms:<\/strong>\u00a0Replaces outdated IT Act and introduces rights-based framework.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong><u>2. Gujarat\u2019s Ambaji marble gets GI tag for its quality<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>GS Paper I: Indian Heritage &amp; Culture Historical use in temples, preservation of traditional quarrying<\/p>\n<p>GS Paper III: Economy \u2013 Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)GI tags, WTO-TRIPS, protection of traditional knowledge Agriculture &amp; Allied Sectors Link with ODOP,<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context: <\/strong>Ambaji marble from Gujarat received the GI tag on Nov 14, 2025, boosting India\u2019s traditional crafts and safeguarding local economies via intellectual property rights.\u200b<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>What Happened <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>GI Registry under Ministry of Commerce &amp; Industry awarded the GI tag to Ambaji white marble, recognizing its origin-based qualities.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>The tag was granted to Ambaji Marbles Quarry and Factory Association, Banaskantha.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>The award was announced during the Tribal Business Conclave in New Delhi, highlighting tribal economies and regional heritage.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Banaskantha Collector and Chief Minister hailed it as a source of pride and global industry recognition.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Immediate impact expected: market value, export potential, demand, legal protection against imitation.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>About Ambaji Marble<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Location<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Quarried from hills near Ambaji town in Danta Taluka, Banaskantha, Gujarat, India.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Situated near Aravalli Range, close to Ambaji temple\u2014major pilgrimage and Shaktipeeth site.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Unique Qualities<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pristine milky-white hue, subtle veining, 95.8\u201396.3% whiteness.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>High calcium (mainly CaO), as well as silicon, magnesium, iron, aluminum oxides.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Uniform fine grains, high gloss, low porosity, durability, remains cool under sunlight.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Distinct patterns from mineral content, polishes well, retains shine and translucency.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Historical Significance<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mines date back 1,200\u20131,500 years; used in constructing Dilwara Jain Temples (Mt Abu).\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Favored for temples and religious sites\u2014Ambaji temple, Jain monuments, symbol of purity.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Showcases Gujarat\u2019s tribal stone-carving traditions since the 7th century.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Modern Usage<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Used in Kashi Vishwanath Corridor, New Parliament Building, Ram Temple (Ayodhya).\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Exported to US, New Zealand, England for use in temples\/monuments and luxury interiors.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Used in high-end flooring, walls, sculptures, and handicrafts; boosts property value.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Eco-friendly quarrying supports local jobs, aligns with urban sustainability goals.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>What is a GI Tag?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Intellectual property right under Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Identifies products with qualities\/reputation linked to specific origin (soil, climate, tradition).\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Secures authenticity, prevents misuse of names, gives local producers exclusive legal rights.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Registered for 10 years (renewable); over 500 Indian products have GI tag status.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Why Did Ambaji Marble Get a GI Tag?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Unique pure white color, calcium purity, and durability are exclusive to Banaskantha\u2019s geology.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Prevents market dilution by protecting against fake \u201cAmbaji\u201d marble.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Nodal bodies and stakeholders (SAPTI, CII, Banaskantha Collectorate) facilitated the application.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>GI tag recognizes ancient crafting techniques and current global demand for authentic stone.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Significance of GI Tag<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Boosts market value and export potential (20\u201350% price premium).\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Creates jobs in quarrying, processing, artisan training, and tribal communities.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Preserves cultural heritage, ensures sustainable mining, and promotes Gujarat globally.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Builds consumer trust, prevents counterfeiting, and benefits luxury segments.\u200b<\/li>\n<li>Supports MSMEs and connects with schemes like ODOP, helping double local revenue in coming years.\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong><u>3. India -Canada relations<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>GS Paper II-International Relations India-Canada Relations, Indo-Pacific Strategy<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context: <\/strong>India and Canada are resetting bilateral ties with a focus on trade and economic cooperation amid recent tensions.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The 7th Ministerial Dialogue on Trade and Investment (Nov 11-14, 2025, Delhi) reaffirmed long-term partnership commitments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Key Outcomes of Dialogue<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bilateral trade hit US$23.66 billion in 2024, with 10% merchandise growth to US$8.98 billion.<\/li>\n<li>Joint focus on supply chain resilience, clean energy transition, and innovation-led sectors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Cooperation Areas<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Critical Minerals Supply<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Secure long-term partnerships for lithium, cobalt, nickel processing.<\/li>\n<li>Canada holds 20% of global critical mineral reserves, vital for India\u2019s EV and green tech goals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong> Clean Energy Partnership<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Collaborate on hydrogen, solar, battery storage R&amp;D for net-zero targets.<\/li>\n<li>Mutual benefits: India\u2019s manufacturing scale and Canada&#8217;s tech expertise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> Trade and Investment Expansion in Dual-Use Technologies<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Grow aerospace and civil-military tech cooperation without formal alliances.<\/li>\n<li>Aligns with India&#8217;s defense exports goal of US$25 billion by 2025.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Strategic and Economic Context<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bilateral ties warmed post-2023 diplomatic row over Nijjar incident; trade deficit favors Canada (~US$3B).<\/li>\n<li>Shared Commonwealth, G7\/G20, and India&#8217;s diaspora (1.6 million in Canada) strengthen relations.<\/li>\n<li>India aims to diversify mineral sources away from China and boost Make in India via FDI.<\/li>\n<li>Canada seeks to reduce dependence on US\/China and attract Indian investments, supporting 50,000+ jobs.<\/li>\n<li>Enhanced cooperation supports Indo-Pacific strategy, supply chain resilience, and global energy transition goals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Future Prospects<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trade target: Double bilateral trade to US$50 billion by 2030.<\/li>\n<li>Sustained ministerial engagements planned in 2026.<\/li>\n<li>Cooperation in agriculture, AI, infrastructure, and startups expected to deepen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This reset signals a comprehensive move to build a resilient, innovation-led, and strategic economic partnership between India and Canada.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong><u>4. Great Nicobar project<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>GS Paper III -Environment &amp; Disaster Management- Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) &#8211; Sustainable Development vs. Strategic Projects &#8211; Tribal Rights &amp; Forest Rights Act<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context: <\/strong>The Great Nicobar Island Development Project faces renewed environmental scrutiny after MoEFCC admitted regulatory lapses in NGT hearings (October 2025).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Contradictions in environmental clearance and biodiversity impact raise concerns over tribal rights and ecological damage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Project Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conceived by NITI Aayog; \u20b981,000 crore (US$9.4 billion) investment; developed by ANIIDCO.<\/li>\n<li>Located on Great Nicobar Island, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve with fragile biodiversity and PVTGs (Shompen, Nicobarese).<\/li>\n<li>Components: International trans-shipment port, dual-use airport, coastal townships, renewable and gas power, tourism, deep-sea mining.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Controversies and Concerns<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ecological Fragility<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Clearing 130 sq km forest, dredging 20 million cubic meters seabed threatens corals, mangroves, turtle nesting sites.<\/li>\n<li>Seismic activity and tsunami risk highlight disaster vulnerability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Tribal Displacement<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Potential violations of Shompen Policy 2015 and Forest Rights Act 2006 despite claims of no displacement.<\/li>\n<li>Lack of adequate tribal oversight and consultation; rights endangered.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Regulatory and Procedural Issues<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>2022 clearance based on \u201crapid assessments\u201d ignoring detailed studies and NGT directives.<\/li>\n<li>Reclassification of critical coastal zones to bypass restrictions.<\/li>\n<li>Ministry admitted \u201csignificant impact\u201d on biodiversity in 2025 but defended mitigation plans.<\/li>\n<li>Conservation funds released amidst questionable monitoring independence and transparency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>MoEFCC Contradictions<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Initially downplayed ecological impact; later admitted awareness of biodiversity damage.<\/li>\n<li>Shifted from strict protection to post-hoc mitigation with limited success rates (e.g., coral translocation).<\/li>\n<li>Sealed High-Powered Committee report flagged but criticized for lack of independence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Issues<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Project site overlaps CRZ-IA zones prohibiting construction\/dredging to protect sensitive ecosystems.<\/li>\n<li>Strategic exemption invoked despite strict prohibitions; re-zoning approved with secrecy around documents.<\/li>\n<li>NGT\u2019s order for reassessment only partially complied with.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Implications<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Raises governance and environmental ethics questions balancing strategic development with ecological safeguards.<\/li>\n<li>Threatens unique island biodiversity and tribal culture amid India\u2019s growth and geo-strategic ambitions.<\/li>\n<li>May set precedents weakening environment laws and NGT authority.<\/li>\n<li>Underlines need for rigorous scientific assessment, transparency, and participatory tribal governance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong><u>5. Study on Lithium-Rich Red Giant Stars and Helium Abundance<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Context: <\/strong>Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) discovered a link between lithium-rich red giant stars and enhanced helium abundance.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>First spectroscopic evidence confirming helium enrichment coupled with lithium abundance in red giants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>What are Red Giant Stars?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Evolved stars having exhausted hydrogen in their core, expanding as outer layers cool and grow.<\/li>\n<li>Core contracts, heats up, triggering hydrogen shell burning and eventually helium fusion.<\/li>\n<li>Surface temperature between 2,000\u20135,000 K with high luminosity due to increased size.<\/li>\n<li>Late life cycle of medium-mass stars; Sun expected to reach this phase in 5 billion years.<\/li>\n<li>End by shedding outer layers into planetary nebula, leaving a white dwarf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Key Study Findings<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Spectroscopic analysis of 20 giants (18 red giants and 2 supergiants) using Himalayan Chandra Telescope data.<\/li>\n<li>Six stars showed helium-to-hydrogen ratio above 0.1; five red giants, one supergiant.<\/li>\n<li>All helium-enriched giants were lithium-rich, but not all lithium-rich giants had helium enrichment.<\/li>\n<li>Indicates deep internal mixing brings lithium and helium to the surface.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Correlation Between Lithium and Helium<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Coupled enrichment due to internal mixing processes, confirmed via photospheric spectra.<\/li>\n<li>Asymmetric relationship: lithium can increase without helium increasing.<\/li>\n<li>Shows nucleosynthesis and mixing shape surface chemical composition in the red giant phase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Significance of Findings<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>First direct spectroscopic photospheric helium measurement in normal and lithium-rich giants.<\/li>\n<li>Improves understanding of stellar evolution, nucleosynthesis, and energy transport inside stars.<\/li>\n<li>Helps refine galactic chemical evolution models by tracing how stars contribute heavy elements.<\/li>\n<li>Strengthens indirect techniques to measure helium in cool stars with no visible helium lines.<\/li>\n<li>Adds insight into mass loss, luminosity changes, and evolution stages of red giants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong><u>6. Nasa&#8217;s Escapade mission begins two-year-long journey to Mars<\/u><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>GS paper III-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Context: <\/strong>NASA launched the ESCAPADE mission aboard Blue Origin&#8217;s New Glenn rocket on November 13, 2025.<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3109 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-15-121955-300x170.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-15-121955-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-15-121955.png 362w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ESCAPADE comprises two identical orbiters (Blue and Gold) designed to study how solar wind interacts with Mars&#8217; atmosphere and magnetosphere.<\/li>\n<li>The mission is part of NASA&#8217;s low-cost SIMPLEx program focusing on small planetary missions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>ESCAPADE Mission Overview<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Two orbiters will measure solar wind effects on Mars\u2019 hybrid magnetosphere (patchy crustal magnetization).<\/li>\n<li>Aim: Understand processes behind Mars\u2019 atmospheric loss over billions of years.<\/li>\n<li>Innovative trajectory includes loitering near Earth-Sun L2 point for ~1 year before reaching Mars by 2027.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Key Features<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Twin spacecraft enable simultaneous measurements, distinguishing spatial from temporal variations.<\/li>\n<li>Built on Rocket Lab\u2019s Photon spacecraft bus, each weighing ~535 kg, totaling 1070 kg launch mass.<\/li>\n<li>Instruments include magnetometer, electrostatic analyzer, and Langmuir probe for plasma studies.<\/li>\n<li>Will explore Mars\u2019 orbit with string-of-pearls and divergent orbits for broader data.<img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-3110 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-15-122033-300x158.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"363\" height=\"191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-15-122033-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-15-122033.png 304w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Significance<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Demonstrates use of commercial heavy-lift rockets (New Glenn) for deep-space science.<\/li>\n<li>Enhances understanding of planetary atmospheres&#8217; interaction with solar wind.<\/li>\n<li>Provides insights relevant to planetary habitability and informs future human Mars missions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Data privacy law comes into effect, two years after parliament approval General Studies Paper I: Polity and<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3125,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-daily-current-affairs"],"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/generated-image-71.jpg",2304,1728,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/generated-image-71-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/generated-image-71-300x225.jpg",300,225,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/generated-image-71-768x576.jpg",640,480,true],"large":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/generated-image-71-1024x768.jpg",640,480,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/generated-image-71-1536x1152.jpg",1536,1152,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/generated-image-71-2048x1536.jpg",2048,1536,true],"morenews-large":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/generated-image-71-825x575.jpg",825,575,true],"morenews-medium":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/generated-image-71-590x410.jpg",590,410,true]},"author_info":{"display_name":"Nithin DTPoperator","author_link":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/author\/nithindtp\/"},"category_info":"<a href=\"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/category\/daily-current-affairs\/\" rel=\"category tag\">DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS<\/a>","tag_info":"DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3108"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3124,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3108\/revisions\/3124"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}