{"id":1750,"date":"2025-09-30T07:55:09","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T07:55:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/?p=1750"},"modified":"2025-10-21T13:37:47","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T13:37:47","slug":"current-affairs-12th-september-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/2025\/09\/30\/current-affairs-12th-september-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Current Affairs 12th September 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><u>1. SC will not sit idle if a wing of democracy fails to do its duty: CJI<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>GS-II Constitution, Governance &amp;polity <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Context: The<\/strong> Supreme Court has reserved judgment in a\u00a0Presidential Reference case\u00a0concerning delays by Governors and the President in acting on Bills.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The dispute reflects rising friction between\u00a0non-BJP ruled States and Governors\u00a0over delays in clearing crucial State laws.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"height: 155px;\" width=\"1052\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"696\"><strong>Background (Constitutional Provisions)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Article 200: Governor may assent, return (if not Money Bill), or withhold assent from a State Bill.<\/li>\n<li>Article 201: Governor may reserve certain Bills for the President\u2019s consideration.<\/li>\n<li>Founders\u2019 intent: Governors were to be constitutional heads in harmony with elected State governments.<\/li>\n<li>In practice, Governors (appointed by the Centre) are accused of politically motivated\u00a0delays in legislation, raising questions of federalism.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Doctrine Issue \u2013 Separation of Powers<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Union argued the judiciary is overstepping into\u00a0executive\/legislative domains.<\/li>\n<li>The Court stressed that while separation of powers must be respected,\u00a0judicial inaction is not an option\u00a0if constitutional authorities fail in their duties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>What Triggered the Current Dispute?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The\u00a0April 8, 2025 judgment\u00a0of the Supreme Court directing Governors\/President to act on Bills within three months.<\/li>\n<li>Several States (e.g., Tamil Nadu, Kerala) accused Governors of\u00a0sitting indefinitely on Bills.<\/li>\n<li>The Union Government filed a\u00a0Presidential Reference\u00a0seeking clarity on SC\u2019s power to impose such deadlines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>CJI\u2019s Stand (B.R Gavai)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>No authority is above the law, not even Governors or the President.<\/li>\n<li>Warned <em>judicial activism should not turn into judicial terrorism<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>However, if one wing of democracy fails, the\u00a0Court, as custodian of the Constitution, must step in and cannot \u201csit idle.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Emphasized farmers\u2019 vision of\u00a0mutual harmony\u00a0between Governors and States.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Essentially, the CJI defended the SC\u2019s power of judicial review to ensure constitutional functionaries perform their duties.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Union Government\u2019s Argument<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A fixed\u00a03-month deadline is a \u201cone-size-fits-all\u201d solution\u00a0and impractical. Each Bill has a\u00a0different context.<\/li>\n<li>Some Bills may be\u00a0controversial or harmful, passed under public pressure, and need more deliberation.<\/li>\n<li>Imposing rigid timelines would be\u00a0\u201cself-destructive.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Courts cannot\u00a0<em>mandate assent<\/em>, as this is part of legislative functioning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Historically, most Bills receive assent within a\u00a0month, so delays are exceptions, not the norm.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Supreme Court\u2019s Counter<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Supreme Courts cannot dictate the content of decision but can\u00a0mandate timely decision-making.<\/li>\n<li>Deadlines are needed to prevent\u00a0indefinite delay.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Supreme Courts cannot dictate the content of decision but can\u00a0mandate timely decision-making.<\/li>\n<li>Indefinite silence is unconstitutional and obstructs\u00a0democratic governance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Attorney-General\u2019s Argument (R.Venkataramani)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Governors do have discretion to\u00a0withhold assent\u00a0for constitutionality concerns.<\/li>\n<li>However, they must\u00a0communicate reasons\u00a0back to the Assembly (i.e., return the Bill or send a message).<\/li>\n<li>Endless silence without any message is against the\u00a0scheme of the Constitution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>2. Can vultures help prevent pandemics?<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>GS -III ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY ,GS-II INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, SOCIAL JSUTICE <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Context: <\/strong>Vultures, vital for public health by cleaning carcasses, are declining sharply in India\u2014over 95% since the 1990s due to diclofenac use.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This decline links biodiversity loss to increased risk of zoonotic diseases and future pandemics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Where Are India\u2019s Vultures?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Once over 40 million in India, now critically endangered.<\/li>\n<li>Part of the\u00a0Central Asian Flyway (CAF), a migratory corridor spanning 30+ countries.<\/li>\n<li>Vultures connect ecosystems and disease risks across borders.<\/li>\n<li>Carcass dumps and unmanaged landfills can become hotspots for disease spillover.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"height: 168px;\" width=\"982\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"699\"><strong>Central Asian Flyway (CAF) and Regional Importance<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>India\u2019s vultures are part of the migratory CAF corridor spanning 30+ countries.<\/li>\n<li>Vultures along this route link ecosystems and disease risks across borders.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Carcass dumps and stopover sites can become hotspots for disease spillover without proper management.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>How Are Vultures Related to Pandemics?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vultures rapidly consume animal carcasses, preventing spread of pathogens like anthrax, botulism, rabies.<\/li>\n<li>Their decline leads to higher populations of feral dogs and rats, increasing disease transmission risks.<\/li>\n<li>Vultures\u2019 scavenging limits zoonotic spillover events, protecting public health.<\/li>\n<li>Their role in surveillance and carcass management remains underutilized and informal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>How Can India Protect Its Vultures?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A post-2025 national strategy could rest on five pillars:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Nationwide Satellite Telemetry:<\/strong>\u00a0Map vulture habitats, carcass dumps, and disease hotspots.<\/li>\n<li>Decision Support System (DSS):\u00a0Integrate wildlife, livestock, and human health data for real-time risk assessment.<\/li>\n<li>Cross-sector Coordination:\u00a0Strengthen One Health framework linking environment, veterinary, and public health agencies.<\/li>\n<li>Transboundary Collaboration:\u00a0Work through CAF and international conventions for regional disease preparedness.<\/li>\n<li>Community Stewardship:\u00a0Empower women, youth, and local communities as frontline actors for surveillance and awareness.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>What Are India\u2019s Opportunities?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Aligns with the WHO South-East Asia Regional Strategic Roadmap for Health Security (2023\u201327).<\/li>\n<li>Cost-effective investment compared to outbreak response expenses.<\/li>\n<li>India\u2019s vulture populations (Himalayan griffon, cinereous, Eurasian griffon) offer a unique platform for biodiversity-linked pandemic prevention.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>3. Researchers in Kerala tap red ivy plant to develop innovative wound-healing pad<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>GS PAPER III ENVIRONMNENT <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>CONTEXT: <\/strong>Researchers at Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden &amp; Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Kerala, developed an innovative\u00a0wound-healing pad\u00a0using the red ivy plant.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The development combines traditional knowledge with modern nanotechnology for effective wound care.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>What is the Red Ivy Plant?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Scientifically called\u00a0Strobilanthes alternata, locally known as\u00a0murikooti pacha.<\/li>\n<li>A creeping herb from the Acanthaceae family, common in tropical climates, including India.<\/li>\n<li>Traditionally used by local practitioners to treat cuts and wounds.<\/li>\n<li>Known for medicinal properties like antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>The Wound-Healing Pad: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Multi-layered pad developed using\u00a0electrospun nanofibers\u00a0made from biodegradable, non-toxic polymers.<\/li>\n<li>The pad is extremely thin and porous, allowing optimal gas exchange, so the wound can\u00a0\u201cbreathe\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Contains\u00a0acteoside, a newly identified molecule in red ivy, effective even at low concentration (0.2%).<\/li>\n<li>Also includes\u00a0neomycin sulfate, an antibiotic, blended with FDA-approved polymers.<\/li>\n<li>Designed for multifunctional wound healing: antibacterial action, moisture balance, and speeding up recovery.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Significance<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Combines\u00a0traditional herbal medicine\u00a0with advanced\u00a0nanotechnology\u00a0for efficient wound care.<\/li>\n<li>Provides a\u00a0breathable, biodegradable alternative\u00a0to conventional wound dressings.<\/li>\n<li>Potential to accelerate healing, prevent infections, and reduce medical waste.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>4. First tri-service all-women circumnavigation sailing expedition <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>flagged off<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>GS-III DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY, GS -II SOCIAL JUSTICE <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Context <\/strong>Defence Minister Rajnath Singh virtually flagged off the\u00a0world\u2019s first tri-service all-women circumnavigation sailing expedition\u2014Samudra Pradakshina\u2014from Mumbai on September 11, 2025.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Represents\u00a0Nari Shakti (women power)\u00a0and empowerment within the Indian Armed Forces.<\/li>\n<li>Demonstrates\u00a0jointness and unity\u00a0among the Army, Navy, and Air Force.<\/li>\n<li>Emblematic of\u00a0Aatmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliant India)\u00a0and India\u2019s maritime aspirations and global vision.<\/li>\n<li>Called a \u201cspiritual sadhana\u201d\u2014a journey of discipline, willpower, and endurance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Expedition Details<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Crew: 10 women officers from the Army, Navy, and Air Force.<\/li>\n<li>Vessel: 50-foot indigenous Indian Army Sailing Vessel (IASV)\u00a0<em>Triveni<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Route &amp; Duration: 9 months, covering ~26,000 nautical miles.<\/li>\n<li>Key milestones: Crossing Equator twice; rounding three great Capes\u2014Leeuwin (Australia), Horn (South America), and Good Hope (Africa).<\/li>\n<li>Challenging waters: Southern Ocean, Drake Passage, among the most dangerous maritime zones.<\/li>\n<li>International port calls: Fremantle (Australia), Lyttelton (New Zealand), Port Stanley (Canada), Cape Town (South Africa).<\/li>\n<li>Expected to return by May 2026.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Significance of Samudra Pradakshina Expedition<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Symbolic Importance<\/strong>: Embodies\u00a0Nari Shakti, showcasing women&#8217;s courage and breaking barriers in male-dominated fields.<\/li>\n<li>Represents\u00a0Aatmanirbhar Bharat\u00a0through the use of an indigenous sailing vessel, instilling national pride.<\/li>\n<li>Defence Minister Rajnath Singh called it a\u00a0glowing symbol of women power, unity, self-reliance, and India\u2019s global vision.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Strategic and Defence Importance: <\/strong>Marks the first\u00a0tri-service collaboration, enhancing jointness and operational synergy among the Army, Navy, and Air Force.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Boosts India\u2019s\u00a0maritime diplomacy\u00a0with strategic port visits strengthening international defence ties.<\/li>\n<li>Advances India&#8217;s strategic autonomy by sailing an indigenous vessel, resonating with the vision of self-reliance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Scientific and Training Aspects<\/strong>: Involves cooperation with oceanographic institutes to study marine environments and micro-plastics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Enhances crew skills in meteorology, navigation, endurance, and maritime survival, fostering ocean health awareness.<\/li>\n<li>Generates scientific data contributing to marine science and environmental sustainability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Comparison with Earlier Missions<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Navika Sagar Parikrama (2017-18): Navy-only, all-women crew on INSV Tarini; focused on motherhood ocean sailing.<\/li>\n<li>Navika Sagar Parikrama-II (2024-25): Navy-centric, double-handed crew on Tarini covering shorter routes.<\/li>\n<li>Samudra Pradakshina\u00a0is the first\u00a0global, tri-service, women-led circumnavigation, significantly larger in scale and inclusivity, setting a new benchmark.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>5. Clearing the fog: need for revised strategies against Aedes mosquitoes<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>GS -III science and technology, Environment and Ecology <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Context: <\/strong>Aedes-borne viral diseases (dengue, Zika, chikungunya) continue to impact India\u2019s productivity and health despite ongoing control efforts.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Current common methods like outdoor fogging\/fumigation are ineffective against Aedes mosquitoes.<\/li>\n<li>New research and strategies call for revised, evidence-based approaches.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Why Current Measures Fail<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Aedes mosquitoes feed indoors during daytime and at night under artificial light, making outdoor fumigation and bed nets ineffective.<\/li>\n<li>Mosquitoes are developing resistance to common insecticides like pyrethroids and temephos.<\/li>\n<li>Over-reliance on chemical larvicides and fogging creates a false sense of security, reducing community vigilance.<\/li>\n<li>Misuse of natural repellents; misinformation about effective agents like DEET causes poor protection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Top-down measures (Government \/ Institutional Measures)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Experimental use of\u00a0Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes\u00a0to suppress populations shows promise but is limited by high cost and weak support.<\/li>\n<li>Dengue vaccine trials underway but do not cover all Aedes-borne diseases.<\/li>\n<li>National guidelines focus on larval source management and public education.<\/li>\n<li>Campaigns like Delhi\u2019s \u201cRule of 10\u201d encourage collective community action to reduce breeding sites.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Bottom-Up Measures (Individual and Community)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Personal protective measures: wearing full clothing during peak Aedes season, use of effective repellents like DEET, picaridin.<\/li>\n<li>Community efforts to remove stagnant water from plant pots, containers, and clean trash reduce breeding sites.<\/li>\n<li>Local leadership and education improve awareness and practices.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>India-Specific Recommendations<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Targeted larval breeding site elimination: discarded coconut shells, cleaning air coolers, proper waste management.<\/li>\n<li>Use Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) for grassroots community mobilization.<\/li>\n<li>Public awareness to overcome myths about insect repellents and promote science-backed products.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Key Takeaways<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Aedes control requires a\u00a0multi-pronged, evidence-based strategy\u00a0combining personal protection, community participation, and scientific innovation.<\/li>\n<li>Outdated practices like blanket outdoor fogging must be replaced with\u00a0targeted larval control\u00a0and\u00a0effective repellents.<\/li>\n<li>Government support for new technologies and local mobilization is crucial to curb the spread of Aedes-borne diseases and protect public health.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>6. Working to blend isobutanol with diesel after ethanol blending failed<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>GS-III SCEINCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Context<\/strong>: The Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) is working to blend\u00a010% isobutanol with diesel, after ethanol blending trials with diesel proved unsuccessful, Union Minister Nitin Gadkari announced.<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 195px;\" width=\"1060\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"699\"><strong>Background<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ethanol Success<\/strong>: E20 petrol blending achieved early (2025 vs. 2030 target), saving \u20b91.44 lakh crore in oil imports; uses sugarcane\/corn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ethanol-Diesel Failure<\/strong>: 10% ethanol-diesel blend failed due to corrosiveness and performance issues.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Isobutanol<\/strong>: A biofuel from ethanol\/sugarcane, less corrosive, higher energy density; used in paints; now tested for diesel and flex-fuel (CNG-isobutanol).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Policy Context<\/strong>: India targets reduced fossil fuel dependence; diesel (40% fuel use) is key after petrol success.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>What is Isobutanol?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Isobutanol is an\u00a0alcohol-based, flammable compound\u00a0widely used as a solvent in industries like paints and coatings.<\/li>\n<li>It has potential as a biofuel additive for diesel and is also being studied for standalone fuel use.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Why Shift from Ethanol to Isobutanol?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ethanol blending with diesel was technically unsuccessful due to compatibility and performance challenges.<\/li>\n<li>Isobutanol offers better blending properties with diesel, making it a more suitable biofuel additive.<\/li>\n<li>Isobutanol-diesel fuel mix is being explored alongside flex-fuel options combining CNG and isobutanol for agricultural equipment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Other Developments<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ethanol blending in petrol (E20) has been a success, boosting corn prices and farmer incomes by more than \u20b942,000 crore.<\/li>\n<li>Biofuel push is stabilizing the sugar industry by ensuring timely payments to cane farmers.<\/li>\n<li>Industry leaders urge revisiting sugarcane pricing (FRP), increasing export quotas to support farmers amid healthy sugar harvests forecasted for 2025-26.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>7. The Ministry of Culture launched the \u2018Gyan Bharatam\u2019, a landmark national initiative<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>CONTEXT: <\/strong>The Ministry of Culture launched the\u00a0Gyan Bharatam, a landmark national initiative to preserve, digitise, and promote India\u2019s rich manuscript heritage.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>To mark this launch, the first-ever\u00a0Gyan Bharatam International Conference\u00a0was held from 11th to 13th September 2025 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.<\/li>\n<li>Over 1,100 participants including scholars, experts, and cultural practitioners from India and abroad attended.<\/li>\n<li>The Hon\u2019ble Prime Minister addressed the conference on 12th September.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>What is Gyan Bharatam?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A national mission dedicated to the preservation, digitisation, and dissemination of India\u2019s ancient manuscripts.<\/li>\n<li>Builds on the earlier\u00a0National Mission for Manuscripts (2003)\u00a0and aims to revive India\u2019s unmatched knowledge legacy.<\/li>\n<li>Combines tradition with modern technology like AI, cloud storage, and advanced digital archives.<\/li>\n<li>Part of the vision to position India as a global knowledge leader by 2047 (Viksit Bharat @2047).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>About Gyan Bharatam Mission<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Launch:\u00a0National initiative by the Ministry of Culture to preserve, digitise, and promote India&#8217;s manuscript legacy.<\/li>\n<li>Scheme Type:\u00a0Central Sector Scheme (2024\u201331) with a budget of \u20b9482.85 crore.<\/li>\n<li>Background:\u00a0Builds on the\u00a0National Mission for Manuscripts (2003)\u00a0which documented 44.07 lakh manuscripts in the Kriti Sampada digital repository.<\/li>\n<li>Vision:\u00a0Combines tradition with modern technology such as AI, cloud systems, and digital archives to safeguard manuscripts as living knowledge resources.<\/li>\n<li>Philosophy:\u00a0Aligned with PM\u2019s\u00a0Viksit Bharat @2047\u00a0vision, aiming to position India as\u00a0<em>Vishwa Guru<\/em>\u00a0by fusing heritage with innovation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Key Features<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Identification &amp; Documentation<\/strong>:\u00a0Creating\u00a0Manuscript Resource Centres (MRCs)\u00a0across India for systematic registration.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conservation &amp; Restoration<\/strong>:\u00a0Strengthening\u00a0Manuscript Conservation Centres (MCCs)\u00a0for preventive and curative preservation with scientific methods.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Digitisation &amp; Repository<\/strong>:\u00a0Large-scale digitisation using\u00a0AI-based Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR), microfilming; establishing a\u00a0National Digital Repository\u00a0accessible globally.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Youth &amp; Public Engagement<\/strong>:\u00a0Initiatives like\u00a0Gyan-Setu AI Innovation Challenge\u00a0to involve youth, start-ups, and researchers in heritage innovation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. SC will not sit idle if a wing of democracy fails to do its duty: CJI GS-II<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2508,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-daily-current-affairs"],"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/generated-image-31.jpg",2048,2048,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/generated-image-31-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/generated-image-31-300x300.jpg",300,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/generated-image-31-768x768.jpg",640,640,true],"large":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/generated-image-31-1024x1024.jpg",640,640,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/generated-image-31-1536x1536.jpg",1536,1536,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/generated-image-31.jpg",2048,2048,false],"morenews-large":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/generated-image-31-825x575.jpg",825,575,true],"morenews-medium":["https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/generated-image-31-590x410.jpg",590,410,true]},"author_info":{"display_name":"ArkReflections","author_link":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/author\/arkreflectionsiaspost\/"},"category_info":"<a href=\"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/category\/daily-current-affairs\/\" rel=\"category tag\">DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS<\/a>","tag_info":"DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1750","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1750"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1750\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1753,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1750\/revisions\/1753"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2508"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1750"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1750"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arkreflectionsias.com\/studentportal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1750"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}